Digital Logic
Binary
A base-2 number system using only digits 0 and 1, fundamental to digital electronics.
Detailed Explanation
Digital circuits use binary because transistors naturally operate as switches with two states: on (1) and off (0). Binary arithmetic follows the same rules as decimal but with only two digits. Each binary digit (bit) represents a power of 2.
Signed numbers use two's complement representation, where the MSB indicates sign and negation involves inverting all bits and adding one. This allows the same adder circuit to handle both signed and unsigned arithmetic.