Implementation
Process
The semiconductor manufacturing technology used to fabricate integrated circuits, characterized by feature size.
Detailed Explanation
Process nodes are named by feature size (28nm, 7nm, 5nm), though modern names are more marketing than measurement. Smaller processes offer higher density, lower power, and higher speed but cost more and have different design challenges.
Each process has a design kit (PDK) specifying cell libraries, design rules, and models. Design must follow process rules for manufacturability. Advanced nodes require special techniques (multi-patterning, FinFET transistors).